Regular vaccinations and examinations will help keep your pet healthy and happy. Your veterinarian will be able to advise you of the frequency that your pet should be examined, but most recommend either annual or six-monthly visits. This is because pets age an average of 7 times faster than humans and so by the time they reach 6/7 years old they are considered middle-aged. Larger breeds of dogs are often considered to be seniors by the time they reach 8.
Typical components of a wellness examination include:
Checking the central nervous center
Checking and cleaning the ears, treating if required
Checking joints and mobility
Checking skin and condition of coat
Checking urinary and reproductive systems
Dental examination
Eye examination
Listen to the heart
Listen to the lungs
Observation of alertness and response
Palpate the abdomen checking for painful areas and/or growths or tumors
Physical examination of the rest of the body for unusual lumps
Weight check
Other tests that your pet may be given include:
Heartworm testing (otherwise known as blood parasite screening)
Fecal testing. This allows the veterinarian to check for the presence of internal parasites such as hookworms, roundworms and whipworms.
Blood work. Blood tests screen for infection or disease that may not otherwise be detected through a physical examination. Blood work also allows a veterinarian a comprehensive assessment of your pets’ health.
Vaccinations
When to vaccinate
Puppies and kittens are usually protected from infectious diseases by their mother’s milk provided that she has been adequately vaccinated herself. However, this protection only lasts for a short while.
Puppies should be vaccinated at 8, 11, and 14 weeks.
Kittens should be vaccinated at 9, 12, and 15 weeks.
Boosters should be given 12 months after the date of the last vaccinations.
If you have an older pet, your veterinarian will be able to advise you on the correct vaccination protocol to follow.
Dogs
Dogs should be routinely vaccinated against:
Canine distemper
Canine parvovirus
Infectious canine hepatitis
Leptospirosis
If your dog is going to spending time in kennels, you should also inquire about getting them vaccinated against kennel cough. The vaccine is usually given via the nostrils and protects against bordetella bronchiseptica and parainfluenza virus.
Dogs will also need a rabies vaccination.
Cats
Cats should be routinely vaccinated against:
Feline calicivirus
Feline herpes virus
Feline infectious enteritis
Feline leukemia virus
(Current guidelines recommend that only ‘at risk’ cats are vaccinated against feline leukemia virus. Those deemed at risk include kittens and immune-compromised cats).
Rabbits
Rabbits should be routinely vaccinated against:
Myxomatosis
Rabbit (viral) hemorrhagic disease (RHD)
If your pet is having single vaccines, then the myxomatosis vaccine should be given from 6 weeks of age, and the RHD vaccine from 8 weeks. Single vaccines cannot be given simultaneously. After this time myxomatosis boosters should be given every 6 months.
Combined vaccines offer annual protection against both diseases and can be given from 5 weeks of age.
If you are unsure about anything regarding your pet's vaccines, please consult your veterinarian who will be able to advise you on the best vaccination protocol to follow.
